- Exposure to certain species of mold and the mycotoxins and microbial VOCs (mVOCs) they produce
- Exposure to actinobacteria and the toxins they produce
- The toxins produced by the pathogens responsible for Lyme disease and its common co-infections
- Exposure to certain cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates (particularly Pfiesteria and Ciguatera)
- Venom from certain animal or insect stings or bites
- Certain parasites, including some apicomplexans
- Exposure to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Exposure to heavy metals like mercury and lead
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Pathologies like cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration
- The use of certain drugs or medications
- The consumption of alcohol
This list isn't meant to be exhaustive; it represents the most common causes of contrast sensitivity deficits, but there may be others.